Three approaches

Just as there is no single, universal method for managing projects, nor is there one perfect leadership style.

In fact, it is not just different projects that require different styles; your style will, can and often should change depending on the individual or group you are engaging with.

Authoritarian

Authoritarian leaders provide clear expectations to group members on what should be done, when it should be completed, and how it should be accomplished. 

These leaders make decisions without input from group members. 

Authoritarian leadership is best used in situations when there is little time for group decision-making or when the leader is the one best equipped to solve the problem or give directions.

Overuse of an authoritarian style can be construed as bossy and controlling. 

Worst-case examples of this style can be seen when leaders use bullying techniques such as yelling, abusing power, or demeaning group members.

Participative

Participative leaders accept input from one or more group members when making decisions and solving problems, but the leader retains the final say when decisions are made. 

Group members tend to be encouraged and motivated by this style of leadership.

This leadership style often leads to more effective decisions since no leader can be an expert in all areas. 

Input from group members with specialized knowledge and expertise creates a more complete basis for decision-making.

Delegative

Delegative leaders allow group members to make decisions.

This style is best used when the leader needs to rely on qualified employees. 

The leader cannot be an expert in all situations, which is why it is important to delegate certain tasks to knowledgeable and trustworthy group members.

It is important to note, though, that successful delegation depends on the person you are assigning work to being both capable of completing the task and willing to do the same. 

People who lack the necessary context, skills, or enthusiasm will require a more direct management style – see the discussion of this in the topic on Delegation the previous Unit.

That said, we all naturally tend to a particular leadership style; good leaders use a mix of styles depending on the situation:

• A respectful yet authoritarian style may be appropriate if a team member lacks knowledge about a certain procedure
• You should use a participative style with team members who understand the objectives and their role in the task
• You should use a delegative style if team members know more than you do about the task

Great leaders adapt and change their style according to the project objectives, team members’ needs, and the situation’s context.